A condition caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. It may present as angina or heart attack and often requires surgical revascularization such as bypass surgery.

Heart Valve Disorders

Includes stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of heart valves, leading to impaired blood flow and cardiac function. Advanced cases may require valve repair or replacement to restore normal circulation.

Congenital Heart Diseases

Structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth, such as septal defects or valve malformations. Surgical correction is often required to improve circulation and prevent long-term complications.

Aortic Diseases

Includes conditions such as aortic aneurysm (dilatation) and aortic dissection (tear in the vessel wall), which are life-threatening and require timely surgical repair.

Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumors

Malignant or benign tumors involving the lungs, mediastinum, or chest wall. Management includes surgical resection, often combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Pleural Diseases

Conditions affecting the pleura, including pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and empyema. These may require drainage procedures or surgical intervention depending on severity.

Esophageal Disorders

Includes cancers, strictures, and motility disorders of the esophagus, leading to difficulty in swallowing and nutrition. Surgical treatment is often required in advanced or refractory cases.

Thoracic Trauma

Injuries to the chest due to accidents, including rib fractures, lung injury, or vascular damage.

Severe cases require emergency surgical intervention to stabilize and repair affected structures.

Infective Conditions

Includes serious infections such as empyema (pus collection in the pleural cavity) or mediastinitis. Management involves antibiotics, drainage, and sometimes surgical debridement.